Understanding patient demand for and use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infection: A qualitative application of the Necessity-Concerns Framework in Saudi Arabia

A study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aimed to identify the beliefs and concerns patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) have about antibiotics. The study involved 32 participants, with 44% being male and an average age of 36.84. Results showed that patients often relate their need for antibiotics to the type, severity, and duration of symptoms, and linked antibiotics with quicker recovery. However, some expressed concerns about frequent administration and the impact on the immune system, potentially increasing their susceptibility to future infections. The study highlighted important misconceptions about antibiotics and AMR in the Saudi population, which can be targeted in future interventions to reduce inappropriate demand and optimize appropriate usage.